Skip to content

BitCoin

https://bitcoin.org

WhitePaper

The Bitcoin Lightning Network:Scalable Off-Chain Instant Payments

Articles

An ancient beast has suddenly risen from its slumber after lying dormant for 14 years. In the realm of crypto, such a beast is known as a whale—an early adopter of the blockchain holding massive amounts of currency. Whales are often closely monitored by the community due to their foresight; therefore, even the slightest activity can be read as a signal based on which the markets can shift.

One of these whales, currently speculated to be Roger Ver, has moved 80,000 Bitcoin over the past 24 hours. That's more than $8.6 billion in regular people's money, made from an initial investment of less than $210,000 back in 2011. Doing the math, this mystery whale has achieved a hypothetical return of nearly 4 million percent over its initial purchase, or approximately 40,000 times the original amount.

All of these Bitcoins are from the highly revered Satoshi era, the infancy period between 2009 and 2011, when the cryptocurrency was first introduced. Wallets from this time are from true believers of Bitcoin, people who invested in the radical idea of a decentralized financial system when a single coin wasn't even worth $1. So, you can imagine the delight on crypto bros' faces when someone decided to move a record-breaking amount of Bitcoin yesterday.

BitcoinCore

BitcoinCore

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/

Bitcoin Core requires a one-time download of about 600GB of data plus a further 5-10GB per month. By default, you will need to store all of that data, but if you enable pruning, you can store as little as 10GB total without sacrificing any security.

Verify your download

Wallet

MetaMask

imToken

Bitcoin Core

Coinbase

Bitpie

根据随机种子按确定规则生成的一系列钱包叫做种子钱包(Seeded Wallet) 或 确定性钱包(Deterministic Wallet)。

种子钱包在生成多个私钥时会用到序号作为参数,所以这种钱包也叫做线性确定性钱包(Sequential Deterministic Wallet)。

分层确定性钱包(Hierachical Determinstic Wallet), HD钱包。

Phoenix Wallet

12-words seed

Phoenix is self-custodial: you (and only you) have the key controlling the funds in the wallet.

This key is made of a 12-words mnemonics, known as a "seed". You can find it in the app settings. Make a backup, and keep it safe. If you lose your seed, we can't help you.

Do not enter your seed in any websites or Google forms. Our support team will never ask for it.

无私钥钱包

用户不需要直接管理或接触私钥。它通常使用下列方法替代传统的私钥管理:

1、助记词替代 + 云端托管:

  • 私钥由平台生成并加密存储,用户用邮箱、密码、人脸识别等方式访问。
  • 典型例子:Magic.link、Web3Auth、Argent

2、多方计算(MPC)钱包:

  • 钱包私钥被“分成几份”,分别由不同设备或服务器持有,任何一方都无法单独控制资产。
  • 用户只需要验证身份(如验证码、指纹),就能完成签名。
  • 例子:Zengo、Fireblocks、Coinbase WaaS

3、智能合约钱包(合约账户):

  • 钱包不再用私钥,而是通过智能合约控制,比如设置“社交恢复”机制。
  • 如果用户丢失访问方式,可以通过朋友/设备恢复。
  • 例子:Argent、Safe (前 Gnosis Safe)

4、Passkey 钱包(FIDO/WebAuthn):

  • 使用类似苹果 iCloud 钥匙串、指纹、面部识别作为签名方式。
  • 钱包与手机系统绑定,不再暴露助记词或私钥。
  • 例子:Uniswap Wallet 支持 Passkey、Metamask 正在集成中

Omni Layer

Omni Layer

非对称加密算法

  • 算法类型: ECDSA
  • 曲线类型: secp256k1

Hash算法

SHA256

比特币系统中使用了多种加密与哈希算法,分布在地址生成、签名验证、挖矿等不同环节。以下是完整清单(按功能分类):

一、哈希算法(Hash Functions)

算法 用途说明 SHA-256 核心算法:用于区块哈希、交易哈希、中间步骤 Double SHA-256 用于生成区块头哈希、交易ID(txid) RIPEMD-160 与 SHA-256 连用,生成地址用的公钥哈希 Hash160 实际是 RIPEMD160(SHA256(pubkey)) Merkle Tree Hash 交易哈希构建 Merkle 树

✅ 二、数字签名算法(非对称加密)

算法 用途说明 ECDSA(椭圆曲线数字签名算法) 用于签名交易(证明你拥有某地址的私钥) 椭圆曲线:secp256k1 比特币选用的椭圆曲线标准

✅ 三、对称加密算法(用于钱包存储)

在区块链协议本身不使用对称加密,但钱包程序(如 Bitcoin Core)会使用对称加密来保护私钥文件(wallet.dat)

算法 用途说明 AES-256-CBC 用于加密私钥或钱包文件(在 Bitcoin Core 中)

✅ 四、编码算法(非加密,但用于表示数据)

编码方式 用途说明 Base58Check 用于编码地址、公钥哈希等,防止输错字符 Bech32 用于 SegWit 地址(如以 bc1 开头的地址)

✅ 五、挖矿相关算法

算法 用途说明 Double SHA-256 用于计算区块头的哈希值,挖矿时目标是找到满足 SHA256(SHA256(block_header)) < target 的 nonce ❌ 没有使用专门的 PoW 算法名 比特币直接使用 SHA-256 做 PoW(与像 ETH 的 Ethash 不同)

✅ 总结表:比特币使用的加密算法一览

类别 算法 主要作用 哈希算法 SHA-256 / RIPEMD-160 区块哈希、地址、公钥哈希等 签名算法 ECDSA(secp256k1) 交易签名与验证 钱包加密 AES-256 加密私钥存储 编码算法 Base58Check / Bech32 地址、私钥等编码 挖矿 PoW 算法 SHA-256 (双重) 区块难度验证与 nonce 搜索

如果你想进一步了解某个算法的数学原理、Python 示例、或它为何被选用(比如为何是 secp256k1 而不是 NIST 曲线),我也可以继续展开。

SegWit

SegWit: Segregated Witness

SegWit 是 2017 年推出的比特币软分叉升级。它的主要目标是:

  • 修复「交易延展性」漏洞(Transaction Malleability)
  • 提升交易处理效率,间接提高区块容量

关键机制:

  • 将签名信息(Witness)从交易数据中分离出来,放到单独的结构中。
  • 原始交易结构中不再包含签名,从而减小交易体积。

带来的好处:

  • 更高的交易容量(区块中能容纳更多交易)
  • 启用闪电网络等二层解决方案
  • 为 Taproot 等后续升级铺路
  • 修复交易延展性,便于更复杂的智能合约开发

Taproot

Taproot 是比特币的一个重大软分叉升级,在 2021 年 11 月通过并激活。它的目标是:

  • 增强比特币交易的 隐私性
  • 优化智能合约功能
  • 简化复杂交易脚本结构

Taproot地址格式以: bc1p... 开头。

SegWit地址格式以:bc1q... 开头。